Eminyakeni yamuva, kuye kwaba nesidingo esikhulayonezimo esobalaamafilimu angagotshwa noma abunjwe abe yizimo ezahlukene ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukene zezimboni nezobuchwepheshe. Lawa mafilimu athole izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbonini ezifana ne-electronics, izibonisi, amaseli elanga, kanye nokupakishwa okuhlakaniphile, phakathi kokunye. Ikhono lalawa mafilimu lokugoba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukubonakala kwawo libalulekile empumelelweni yawo kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza. Kodwa ngempela la mafilimu afinyelela kanjani ukuguquguquka okunjalo?
Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, sidinga ukuhlolisisa ukwakheka nokukhiqizwa kwalawa mafilimu. Amafilimu amaningi abonakalayo aguquguqukayo enziwa ngama-polymers, okungamaketanga amade okuphindaphinda amayunithi amamolekyuli. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-polymer kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuguquguquka nokucaca kwefilimu. Ezinye izinto ezijwayelekile ze-polymer ezisetshenziselwa amafilimu abonakalayo aguquguqukayo zifaka i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), i-polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), ne-polyimide (PI).
Lezi zinsiza ze-polymer zinikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, njengamandla aphezulu okudonsa kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwe-dimensional, ngenkathi zisagcina ukubonakala kwazo. Amaketanga ama-molecule e-polymer ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile futhi ahlinzeka ngesakhiwo esiqinile nesifanayo kwifilimu. Lokhu buqotho besakhiwo kuvumela ifilimu ukuthi imelane nokugoba nokubunjwa ngaphandle kokuphuka noma ukulahlekelwa ukubonakala.
Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwezinto ze-polymer, inqubo yokukhiqiza nayo inomthelela ekuguquguqukeni kwefilimu. Amafilimu ngokuvamile akhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-extrusion kanye namasu okwelula. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa, i-polymer material iyancibilika futhi iphoqelelwe ngembobo encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-die, eyilolonga ibe ishidi elincanyana. Leli shidi libe selipholiswa futhi liqiniswe ukwenza ifilimu.
Ngemva kwenqubo ye-extrusion, ifilimu ingase ithathe isinyathelo esinwebekayo ukuze ithuthukise ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ukwelula kuhilela ukudonsa ifilimu ngezindlela ezimbili ze-perpendicular ngasikhathi sinye, okwelula amaketanga e-polymer futhi iwaqondanise ngendlela ethile. Le nqubo yokwelula yethula ingcindezi kufilimu, okwenza kube lula ukugoba nokubumba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukubonakala kwayo. Izinga lokwelula kanye nokuqondisa kokwelula kungalungiswa ukuze kuzuzwe ukuguquguquka okufunayo kufilimu.
Esinye isici esithinta ikhono lokugoba leamafilimu asobala aguqukayoukujiya kwabo. Amafilimu azacile ajwayele ukuguquguquka kakhulu kunalawo ashubile ngenxa yokuncipha kwawo ukumelana nokugoba. Nokho, kukhona ukuhwebelana phakathi kokuqina namandla emishini. Amafilimu azacile angase athambekele kakhulu ekudabukeni noma ekubhobozeni, ikakhulukazi uma engaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi badinga ukukhulisa ukushuba kwefilimu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukucaca kwefilimu nakho kuncike nezici zayo ezingaphezulu. Uma ukukhanya kuhlangana nendawo yefilimu, kungaboniswa, kudluliswe, noma kumunceke. Ukuze kuzuzwe obala, amafilimu avame ukumbozwa ngezingqimba ezincane zezinto ezibonakalayo, njenge-indium tin oxide (ITO) noma ama-nanoparticles esiliva, okusiza ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa nokuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kokukhanya. Lezi zembatho ziqinisekisa ukuthi ifilimu ihlala isobala kakhulu ngisho nalapho igobile noma ibunjiwe.
Ngaphezu kokuvumelana nezimo nokungafihli lutho kwawo, amafilimu abonisa ngale avumelana nezimo aphinde anikeze ezinye izinzuzo ezimbalwa kunezinto eziqinile ezivamile. Imvelo yazo engasindi izenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukunciphisa isisindo kubalulekile, njengakuma-electronics aphathwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lazo lokuvumelana nezindawo ezigobile livumela ukuklanywa kwamadivayisi asungulayo nawonga isikhala. Ngokwesibonelo,amafilimu asobala aguquguqukayoasetshenziswa ekubonisweni okugobile, okunikeza umuzwa wokubuka ogxile kakhulu.
Isidingo esikhulayo seamafilimu asobala aguquguqukayouye wagqugquzela ucwaningo nentuthuko kulo mkhakha, ososayensi nonjiniyela bezama ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zabo nokwandisa izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza. Basebenzela ukuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ze-polymer ezinokuguquguquka okuthuthukisiwe nokusobala, kanye nokuhlola amasu okukhiqiza amanoveli ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa okungabizi kakhulu. Ngenxa yale mizamo, ikusasa libukeka lithembisaamafilimu asobala aguquguqukayo, futhi singalindela ukubona izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezintsha ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.
Sengiphetha, ukuguquguquka kwamafilimu asobala kufinyelelwa ngenhlanganisela yezinto, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwempahla ye-polymer, inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukushuba kwefilimu, nezici zayo ezingaphezulu. Izinto ze-polymer ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini zivumela ifilimu ukuthi imelane nokugoba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa obala. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ibandakanya i-extrusion kanye nokwelula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka. Izendlalelo nezingqimba ezincane zisetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukubonakaliswa nokuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kokukhanya. Ngocwaningo nentuthuko eqhubekayo, ikusasa leamafilimu asobala aguquguqukayokubukeka kugqamile, futhi bamiselwe ukuguqula izimboni nobuchwepheshe ngezindlela eziningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-05-2023
