Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nesidingo esikhulayo se-okubonakalayo okuguquguqukayoamafilimu angagotshwa noma ahlanganiswe abe yizimo ezahlukene ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukene zezimboni nezobuchwepheshe. Lawa mafilimu athole ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana ne-elekthronikhi, izibonisi, amaseli elanga, kanye nokupakisha okuhlakaniphile, phakathi kwezinye. Ikhono lalawa mafilimu lokugoba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukucaca kwawo libalulekile empumelelweni yawo kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza. Kodwa lawa mafilimu afinyelela kanjani ngempela ukuguquguquka okunjalo?
Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, sidinga ukuhlolisisa inqubo yokwakheka kanye nokukhiqiza kwala mafilimu. Amafilimu amaningi abonakalayo aguquguqukayo enziwa ngama-polymer, angamaketanga amade amayunithi aphindaphindayo ama-molecule. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-polymer kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuguquguquka kanye nokucaca kwefilimu. Ezinye izinto ezivamile ze-polymer ezisetshenziselwa amafilimu abonakalayo aguquguqukayo zifaka phakathi i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), i-polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), kanye ne-polyimide (PI).
Lezi zinto ze-polymer zinikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, njengamandla aphezulu okubamba kanye nokuqina okuhle kobukhulu, ngenkathi zisagcina ukucaca kwazo. Amaketanga ama-molecule e-polymer ahlanganiswe kahle futhi ahlinzeka ngesakhiwo esiqinile nesifanayo efilimini. Lokhu kuqina kwesakhiwo kuvumela ifilimu ukuthi imelane nokugoba nokubumba ngaphandle kokuphuka noma ukulahlekelwa ukucaca.
Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwezinto ze-polymer, inqubo yokukhiqiza nayo inegalelo ekuguquguqukeni kwefilimu. Amafilimu avame ukukhiqizwa ngokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhipha kanye nokwelula. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha, izinto ze-polymer ziyancibilika futhi ziphoqelelwe ngembobo encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-die, eyibumba ibe yishidi elincane. Leli shidi liyapholiswa bese liqina ukuze kwakhiwe ifilimu.
Ngemva kwenqubo yokukhipha, ifilimu ingase idlule isinyathelo sokunwebeka ukuze ithuthukise ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ukunwebeka kuhilela ukudonsa ifilimu ngezindlela ezimbili eziqondile ngesikhathi esisodwa, okwandisa amaketanga e-polymer futhi kuwenze aqondane ngendlela ethile. Le nqubo yokunwebeka iletha ukucindezeleka efilimini, okwenza kube lula ukugoba nokubumba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukucaca kwayo. Izinga lokunwebeka kanye nendlela yokunwebeka kungalungiswa ukuze kufezwe ukuguquguquka okufiselekayo efilimini.
Esinye isici esithinta ikhono lokugoba leamafilimu abonakalayo aguquguqukayoukujiya kwawo. Amafilimu amancane avame ukuba nezimo eziguquguqukayo kunamakhulu ngenxa yokumelana kwawo okunciphile ekugobeni. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukuhwebelana phakathi kokujiya namandla omshini. Amafilimu amancane angase athambekele kakhulu ekudabukeni noma ekubhobozeni, ikakhulukazi uma ebhekene nezimo ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi badinga ukwenza ngcono ukujiya kwefilimu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza.
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zemishini kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukucaca kwefilimu nakho kuncike ezicini zayo zobuso. Lapho ukukhanya kuhlangana nobuso befilimu, kungabonakaliswa, kudluliselwe, noma kufakwe. Ukuze kufezwe ukucaca, amafilimu avame ukumbozwa ngezendlalelo ezincane zezinto ezibonakalayo, njenge-indium tin oxide (ITO) noma ama-nanoparticles esiliva, okusiza ukunciphisa ukucaca nokuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kokukhanya. Lezi zingubo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ifilimu ihlala icacile kakhulu ngisho noma igobile noma ibunjiwe.
Ngaphezu kokuguquguquka kwawo kanye nokubonakala kwawo, amafilimu abonakalayo aguquguqukayo anikeza nezinye izinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwezinto eziqinile zendabuko. Ukukhanya kwawo kuwenza afaneleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni lapho ukunciphisa isisindo kubalulekile khona, njengakuma-elekthronikhi aphathekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lawo lokuhambisana nezindawo ezigobile lenza ukwakheka kwamadivayisi amasha futhi onge isikhala. Isibonelo,amafilimu abonakalayo aguquguqukayozisetshenziswa ezikrinini ezigobile, ezinikeza isipiliyoni sokubuka esigxile kakhulu.
Isidingo esikhulayo se-amafilimu abonakalayo aguquguqukayokushukumise ucwaningo nentuthuko kulo mkhakha, ososayensi nonjiniyela bezama ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zabo nokwandisa izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza. Basebenza ekuthuthukiseni izinto ezintsha ze-polymer ngokuguquguquka okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokucaca, kanye nokuhlola amasu amasha okukhiqiza ukuze kufezwe umkhiqizo ongabizi kakhulu. Ngenxa yale mizamo, ikusasa libukeka lithembisaamafilimu abonakalayo aguquguqukayo, futhi singalindela ukubona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Ekuphetheni, ukuguquguquka kwamafilimu asobala kufezwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezici, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-polymer, inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukujiya kwefilimu, kanye nezici zayo zobuso. Izinto ze-polymer ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini zivumela ifilimu ukuthi imelane nokugoba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukucaca. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ihilela ukukhipha kanye nokwelula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka. Izimbozo kanye nezendlalelo ezincane ziyasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa nokuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kokukhanya. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko, ikusasa leamafilimu abonakalayo aguquguqukayozibukeka ziqhakazile, futhi zizimisele ukuguqula izimboni nobuchwepheshe ngezindlela eziningi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-05-2023
